Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure that helps in removing gallbladder while making only five small incisions into the abdomen. This technique has essentially replaced the open technique for routine cholecystectomies since the early 1990s. At this time, laparoscopic cholecystectomy is indicated for the treatment of cholecystitis, symptomatic cholelithiasis, biliary dyskinesia, acalculous cholecystitis, gallstone pancreatitis, and gallbladder masses/polyps. These indications are the same for an open cholecystectomy. Cases of gallbladder cancers are usually best treated with open cholecystectomy

PCNL: Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a technique for treating large kidney stones within the kidney. It involves keyhole surgery that is performed through a 1cm incision in the skin. A mini-PERC is similar in approach, but represents a refinement in the technique due to having smaller cameras, better stone lasers and specialized tools. The incision that is made in the skin is much smaller and allows for quicker patient recovery and results in a safer procedure

URSL: : Ureteroscopic Lithotripsy (URSL) is used for treating ureteric stones. It is highly effective and minimal invasive procedure in the treatment of ureteric stones. Traditionally, URSL is performed for the management of bilateral ureteric stones. With the recent development of small-caliber ureteroscopes and with the advances in intracorporeal lithotripsy devices, it is now possible to perform bilateral single-session URSL in adults, and ureteric stones may be fragmented successfully. The procedure may reduce costs and the need for a second anesthetic procedure